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Methods@#Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical evaluation were performed for patients with single-level uniportal endoscopic lumbar decompression with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. @*Results@#A total of 126 patients were recruited with a minimum follow-up of 26 months. The incidence of epidural fluid hematoma was 27%. Postoperative MRI revealed a significant improvement in the postoperative dura sac area at postoperative day 1 and at the upper endplate at 6 months in the hematoma cohort (39.69±15.72 and 26.89±16.58 mm2) as compared with the nonhematoma cohort (48.92±21.36 and 35.1±20.44 mm2), respectively (p <0.05); and at the lower endplate on postoperative 1 day in the hematoma cohort (51.18±24.69 mm2) compared to the nonhematoma cohort (63.91±27.92 mm2) (p <0.05). No significant difference was observed in the dura sac area at postoperative 1 year in both cohorts. The hematoma cohort had statistically significant higher postoperative 1-week Visual Analog Scale (VAS; 3.32±0.68) pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI; 32.65±5.56) scores than the nonhematoma cohort (2.99±0.50 and 30.02±4.84, respectively; p <0.05). No significant difference was found at the final follow-up VAS, ODI, and MRI dura sac area. @*Conclusions@#Epidural fluid hematoma is a common early postoperative MRI finding in lumbar endoscopic unilateral laminotomy with bilateral decompression. Conservative management is the preferred treatment option for patients who do not have a neurological deficit. Symptoms last only a few days and are self-limiting. A common endpoint is a remodeled fluid hematoma and the subsequent expansion of the dura sac area.
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Objective@#To explore the effects of tactile stimulation using air pressure at the auricular branch of the vagus nerve on autonomic activity in healthy individuals. @*Methods@#Three types of tactile stimulation were used in this study: continuous low-amplitude, continuous high-amplitude, and pulsed airflow. The tactile stimulations were provided to the cymba concha to investigate autonomic activity in 22 healthy participants. The mean heart rate (HR) and parameters of HR variability, including the standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive R-R interval differences (RMSSD) were compared at baseline, stimulation, and recovery periods. @*Results@#Two-way repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant main effect of time on HR (p=0.001), SDNN (p=0.003), and RMSSD (p<0.001). These parameters showed significant differences between baseline and stimulation periods and baseline and recovery periods in the post-hoc analyses. There were no significant differences in the changes induced by stimulation type and the interaction between time and stimulation type for all parameters. One-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that HR, SDNN, and RMSSD did not differ significantly among the three time periods during sham stimulation. @*Conclusion@#Parasympathetic activity can be enhanced by auricular tactile stimulation using air pressure, targeting the cymba concha. Further studies are warranted to investigate the optimal stimulation parameters for potential clinical significance.
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Background/Aims@#We evaluated the role of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based disease monitoring for elderly patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who received decitabine therapy. @*Methods@#A total of 123 patients aged > 65 years with AML who received decitabine were eligible. We analyzed the dynamics of variant allele frequency (VAF) in 49 available follow-up samples after the fourth cycle of decitabine. The 58.6% VAF clearance (Δ, [VAF at diagnosis − VAF at follow-up] × 100 / VAF at diagnosis) was the optimal cut-off for predicting overall survival (OS). @*Results@#The overall response rate was 34.1% (eight patients with complete remission [CR], six of CR with incomplete hematologic recovery, 22 with partial responses, and six with morphologic leukemia-free status). Responders (n = 42) had significantly better OS compared with non-responders (n = 42) (median, 15.3 months vs. 6.5 months; p < 0.001). Of the 49 patients available for follow-up targeted NGS analysis, 44 had trackable gene mutations. The median OS of patients with ΔVAF ≥ 58.6% (n=24) was significantly better than that of patients with ΔVAF < 58.6% (n = 19) (20.5 months vs. 9.8 months, p = 0.010). Moreover, responders with ΔVAF ≥ 58.6% (n = 20) had a significantly longer median OS compared with responders with VAF < 58.6% (n = 11) (22.5 months vs. 9.8 months, p = 0.004). @*Conclusions@#This study suggested that combining ΔVAF ≥ 58.6%, a molecular response, with morphologic and hematologic responses can more accurately predict OS in elderly AML patients after decitabine therapy.
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Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that selectively involves the lumina of vessels, and may present as ischemic stroke. A 62-year-old man presented with progressive aphasia, dementia, seizure and stroke-like symptom. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed dynamic progressive fluid attenuated inversion recovery lesions and multiple punctate microbleeds in the bilateral subcortical region. A kidney biopsy revealed IVLBCL. We report a patient with IVLBCL presenting as rapidly progressive encephalopathy.
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Purpose@#Most rotator cuff repairs are performed under general anesthesia, and the shoulder muscles undergo exertion during the patient’s awakening. These may lead to subsequent retear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristics of shoulder muscle contraction during awakening from general anesthesia after rotator cuff repair. @*Methods@#Twenty patients underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Surface electromyography was used to investigate the amplitude of shoulder (upper trapezius [UT] and biceps brachii [BB]) and body (rectus femoris, RF) muscles during awakening in the operating room and resting in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). @*Results@#The mean maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the UT, BB, and RF during awakening were 28.00%, 27.84%, and 35.65%, and the mean durations of activation were 3.98, 2.50, and 2.71 seconds. In the PACU, the mean MVIC of the UT, BB, and RF were 27.18%, 25.03%, and 27.20%, and the mean durations were 2.72, 0.26, and 0.67 seconds. No correlation between muscle contraction and postoperative pain was identified. @*Conclusion@#Less than 10% of the involuntary muscle contractions of the UT and BB measured in this study exceeded 20% of the MVIC and the contractions lasted less than 4 seconds. As the percentage of the MVIC of the rotator cuff is typically lower than that of the UT and BB, strong contractions of the rotator cuff muscle with detrimental effects occur at a low frequency and short duration. Therefore, retear due to muscle contraction during awakening is unlikely.
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We present a case of delayed migration of an open-cell design carotid stent, which is a rare complication following carotid artery stenting (CAS). A 65-year-old patient with carotid artery stenosis underwent CAS with an open-cell stent, initially achieving successful deployment. However, 4 months later, the stent migrated and resulted in restenosis. The patient underwent balloon angioplasty and received an additional stent, leading to improved blood flow. The rarity of stent migration, particularly in the absence of risk factors, highlights the need for clinicians to be vigilant and consider early imaging follow-up for patients at risk of this complication after CAS.
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Background@#Similar to smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke is a risk factor for developing hypertension and cardiovascular diseases; however, there is no standardized method for measuring smoke exposure. Measuring urine cotinine levels is one possible means for determining the degree of exposure to secondhand smoke. This study investigated the association between urinary cotinine levels and blood pressure in Korean adults exposed to secondhand smoke. @*Methods@#Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2016 and 2018 were used. A total of 9,273 participants aged ≥19 years self-reported as current non-smokers, which was cotinine- verified. A complex sample general linear model regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between urine cotinine and blood pressure. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. @*Results@#Corrected urine cotinine levels were positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in female participants (P<0.001 and P=0.040, respectively). Furthermore, a 10-fold increase in the corrected urine cotinine level of those in contact with secondhand smoke was independently associated with 2.085 mm Hg and 0.575 mm Hg increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. However, there was no association between systolic and diastolic blood pressure in male participants (P=0.226 and P=0.256, respectively). @*Conclusion@#Urinary cotinine levels were positively associated with increased blood pressure in females exposed to secondhand smoke. Therefore, urinary cotinine may be used as an indicator to quantify and monitor the effects of blood pressure elevation in females exposed to secondhand smoke.
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Purpose@#To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Cataract-related Visual Function Questionnaire (CVFQ). @*Methods@#A prospective cross-sectional study of 141 cataract patients was conducted from March 2022 to June 2022. The questionnaire was created based on a literature review and advice from an expert panel. This study determined its construct validity, criterion validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. @*Results@#The CVFQ consists of 15 items distributed among five categories: overall visual quality, overall visual function, distance vision, near vision, and glare. In the exploratory factor analysis of validity, the first three principal components explained 77.8% of the variance. The p-values in the Spearman correlation test comparing the pre- and postoperative total CVFQ score and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were 0.006 and 0.004, respectively. In the reliability analysis, Cronbach’s alpha was > 0.9 for internal consistency and the p-values of each subcategory were all significant in the analysis of test-retest reliability. @*Conclusions@#Our results indicate that the CVFQ is useful for measuring the visual quality and visual function of cataract patients in Korea.
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Objectives@#Disability weights require regular updates, as they are influenced by both diseases and societal perceptions. Consequently, it is necessary to develop an up-to-date list of the causes of diseases and establish a survey panel for estimating disability weights. Accordingly, this study was conducted to calculate, assess, modify, and validate disability weights suitable for Korea, accounting for its cultural and social characteristics. @*Methods@#The 380 causes of disease used in the survey were derived from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network and from 2019 and 2020 Korean studies on disability weights for causes of disease. Disability weights were reanalyzed by integrating the findings of an earlier survey on disability weights in Korea with those of the additional survey conducted in this study. The responses were transformed into paired comparisons and analyzed using probit regression analysis. Coefficients for the causes of disease were converted into predicted probabilities, and disability weights in 2 models (model 1 and 2) were rescaled using a normal distribution and the natural logarithm, respectively. @*Results@#The mean values for the 380 causes of disease in models 1 and 2 were 0.488 and 0.369, respectively. Both models exhibited the same order of disability weights. The disability weights for the 300 causes of disease present in both the current and 2019 studies demonstrated a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.994 (p=0.001 for both models). This study presents a detailed add-on approach for calculating disability weights. @*Conclusions@#This method can be employed in other countries to obtain timely disability weight estimations.
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Background@#Music is regarded as a beneficial tool for assessing the clinical symptoms and communication skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or autism. The present study developed a music-based attention test (MAT) for individuals with autism using music parameters and the algorithm of the comprehensive attention test (CAT). @*Methods@#We recruited 51 autistic individuals and 50 neurotypical individuals to participate in the CAT, MAT, and social intelligence tests. The reliability and validity of the MAT were assessed using exploratory factor analysis, concurrent validity, and criterion-related validity. @*Results@#The MAT had sound internal consistency (high Cronbach’s α = 0.948). In addition, the MAT had suitable concurrent validity in the correlation between CAT and MAT, as well as good criterion validity when attention was measured using the MAT and was compared between autistic individuals and neurotypical individuals. Attention evaluated using the MAT was associated with the social quotient in individuals with autism. @*Conclusions@#The MAT could be a relevant tool for gauging attention in individuals with ASD.Furthermore, attention determined using the MAT may be correlated with social quotient in autistic individuals. Future studies should consider that using music in the field of attention could improve the social quotient of individuals with autism.
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a lifelong disease that manifests with chronic intestinal inflammation, sequential fibrosis, and an increased risk of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). The combined effects of genetic, immunological, environmental, and microbial factors render it difficult to determine the specific mechanism underlying the induction and perpetuation of IBD. Various animal models of IBD have contributed enormously to the understanding of IBD pathogenesis in terms of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, microbiome, and drug development of novel therapeutics. Although comprehensive research on IBD has been enabled by advanced technologies, such as genetically engineered models, there is a great need to develop relevant in vivo models of colitis and fibrosis. Here, we review 4 categories of animal models of acute and chronic intestinal inflammation, fibrosis, and CAC: chemically induced, genetically engineered, T cell transfer, and spontaneous gene mutation models.
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Background@#In Mason classification type II radial head fractures, compared to plate fixation, fixation with cannulated headless screws and absorbable pins has been reported to provide more favorable postoperative outcomes, including less postoperative limitation in range of motion. The fact that radial head fractures are less prone to weight-bearing during fracture union further supports the use of absorbable screws as a suitable alternative treatment option in radial head fractures. This study aimed to perform fixation through open reduction using bioabsorbable magnesium screws for Mason type II radial head fractures and to report radiographic and clinical results. @*Methods@#Among patients who visited the orthopedic department from April 2017 to August 2021, 22 with surgical indications were selected for participation. Radiographic tests were conducted at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, and over 1 year after surgery to confirm the degree of bone union, reduction loss, and degree of H 2 gas production. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), hand grip power, and range of joint motion were measured at the 6-month follow-up to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the operation. @*Results@#Bone union was confirmed in all 22 cases, and the mean time to union was 10.2 weeks. DASH score was 22.27 on average and no patients complained of significant discomfort after the surgery. The mean MEPS was 91.1. The hand grip power of the affected hand was similar to that of the unaffected hand, being 1.19% weaker on average. These differences reached statistical significance (p = 0.002). The range of elbow joint motion was measured: mean flexion, 146.1°; mean extension, 1.4°; mean pronation, 88.2°; and mean supination, 87.9°. @*Conclusions@#In treating Mason type II radial head fractures, the use of bioabsorbable screws made of magnesium showed satisfactory results in radiographic and clinical evaluations. Magnesium bioabsorbable screws can maintain sufficient stability at the fracture site and have the advantage of avoiding secondary operation for the removal of internal fixation devices.
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Resistance to hypomethylating agents (HMAs) in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a concerning problem. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a key cell cycle modulator and is known to be associated with an activation of the PI3K pathway, which is related to the stabilization of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), a target of HMAs. We investigated the effects of volasertib on HMA-resistant cell lines (MOLM/AZA-1 and MOLM/DEC-5) derived from MOLM-13, and bone marrow (BM) samples obtained from patients with MDS (BM blasts >5%) or AML evolved from MDS (MDS/AML). Volasertib effectively inhibited the proliferation of HMA-resistant cells with suppression of DNMTs and PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK pathways. Volasertib also showed significant inhibitory effects against primary BM cells from patients with MDS or MDS/AML, and the effects of volasertib inversely correlated with DNMT3B expression. The DNMT3B-overexpressed AML cells showed primary resistance to volasertib treatment. Our data suggest that volasertib has a potential role in overcoming HMA resistance in patients with MDS and MDS/ AML by suppressing the expression of DNMT3 enzymes and PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK pathways. We also found that DNMT3B overexpression might be associated with resistance to volasertib.
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Methods@#We evaluated patients who underwent EPTLIF with a minimum 24-month follow-up. Clinical parameters of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were measured at the preoperative, 1-week postoperative mark, postoperative 3-month mark, and final follow-up. Preoperative and 1-year postoperative magnetic resonance imaging measurement of preoperative and postoperative Kjaer grade, right and left psoas muscle mass area, and right and left paraspinal muscle mass area was performed. @*Results@#EPTLIF with a minimum 24-month follow-up of 35 levels was included. The complication rate was 6%, and the mean Bridwell’s fusion grade was 1.37 (1–2). There was statistically significant improvement at 1 week, 3 months, and 2 years in VAS (4.11±1.23, 4.94±1.30, and 5.46±1.29) and in ODI (40.34±10.06, 46.69±9.14, and 49.63±8.68), respectively (p <0.05). Successful operation rate with excellent and good MacNab’s criteria at 2 years was 97%. There was an increment of statistically significant bilateral psoas muscle cross-sectional area, right side (70.03±149.1 mm²) and left side (67.59±113.2 mm²) (p <0.05). @*Conclusions@#Uniportal EPTLIF achieved good fusion and improved clinical outcomes with favorable paraspinal musculature bulk at the 2-year follow-up.
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Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, KoreaCarbamazepine (CBZ) is the common antiepileptic drug prescribed for the management of neuropathic pain in patients with neurologic injury. CBZ can rarely be the causative agent to result in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), which is a life-threatening drug reaction. Delayed diagnosis of DIHS may occur in complicated clinical settings. We have reported a case of a 12-year-old girl whose initial manifestations of CBZ-induced DIHS were atypical due to concurrent administration of corticosteroids. After open biopsy of brainstem glioma, she was administered corticosteroids and CBZ to mitigate postoperative complications, including mild weakness of ankle dorsiflexion and otalgia. Not only fever but also elevation of liver enzymes and inflammatory markers were presented 1 month after CBZ initiation, without any skin rash or leukocytosis. A maculopapular rash on the whole body and leukocytosis developed afterward; consequently, the diagnostic criteria for DIHS were fulfilled. After discontinuation of CBZ, her fever and increased liver enzymes subsided and the rash slowly improved. This case indicates that typical signs, such as skin rash or leukocytosis, can be initially masked or delayed in CBZ-induced DIHS if it overlaps with corticosteroid administration. The atypical manifestations of DIHS should be considered if CBZ is concurrently administered with corticosteroids.
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Background@#and Purpose Left atrial or left atrial appendage (LA/LAA) thrombi are frequently observed during cardioembolic evaluation in patients with ischemic stroke. This study aimed to investigate stroke outcomes in patients with LA/LAA thrombus. @*Methods@#This retrospective study included patients admitted to a single tertiary center in Korea between January 2012 and December 2020. Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who underwent transesophageal echocardiography or multi-detector coronary computed tomography were included in the study. Poor outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score >3 at 90 days. The inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis was performed. @*Results@#Of the 631 patients included in this study, 68 (10.7%) had LA/LAA thrombi. Patients were likely to have a poor outcome when an LA/LAA thrombus was detected (42.6% vs. 17.4%, P<0.001). Inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis yielded a higher probability of poor outcomes in patients with LA/LAA thrombus than in those without LA/LAA thrombus (P<0.001). Patients with LA/LAA thrombus were more likely to have relevant arterial occlusion on angiography (36.3% vs. 22.4%, P=0.047) and a longer hospital stay (8 vs. 7 days, P<0.001) than those without LA/LAA thrombus. However, there was no difference in early neurological deterioration during hospitalization or major adverse cardiovascular events within 3 months between the two groups. @*Conclusions@#Patients with ischemic stroke who had an LA/LAA thrombus were at risk of a worse functional outcome after 3 months, which was associated with relevant arterial occlusion and prolonged hospital stay.
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Traditionally, diagnostic pathology uses histology representing structural alterations in a disease’s cells and tissues. In many cases, however, it is supplemented by other morphology-based methods such as immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is one of the strategies that may help tackle the heterogeneous cells in a disease, but it does not usually provide histologic information. Spatial sequencing is designed to assign cell types, subtypes, or states according to the mRNA expression on a histological section by RNA sequencing. It can provide mRNA expressions not only of diseased cells, such as cancer cells but also of stromal cells, such as immune cells, fibroblasts, and vascular cells. In this review, we studied current methods of spatial transcriptome sequencing based on their technical backgrounds, tissue preparation, and analytic procedures. With the pathology examples, useful recommendations for pathologists who are just getting started to use spatial sequencing analysis in research are provided here. In addition, leveraging spatial sequencing by integration with scRNA-seq is reviewed. With the advantages of simultaneous histologic and single-cell information, spatial sequencing may give a molecular basis for pathological diagnosis, improve our understanding of diseases, and have potential clinical applications in prognostics and diagnostic pathology.
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Objective@#: Stroke caused from large vessel occlusion (LVO) has emerged as the most common stroke subtype worldwide. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator administration (IV-tPA) and additional intraarterial thrombectomy (IA-Tx) is regarded as standard treatment. In this study, the authors try to find the early recanalization rate of IV-tPA in LVO stroke patients. @*Methods@#: Total 300 patients undertook IA-Tx with confirmed anterior circulation LVO, were analyzed retrospectively. Brain computed tomography angiography (CTA) was the initial imaging study and acute stroke magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) followed after finished IV-tPA. Early recanalization rate was evaluated by acute stroke MRA within 2 hours after the IV-tPA. In 167 patients undertook IV-tPA only and 133 non-recanalized patients by IV-tPA, additional IA-Tx tried (IV-tPA + IA-Tx group). And 131 patients, non-recanalized by IV-tPA (IV-tPA group) additional IA-Tx recommend and tried according to the patient condition and compliance. @*Results@#: Early recanalization rate of LVO after IV-tPA was 12.0% (36/300). In recanalized patients, favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale, 0–2) was 69.4% (25/36) while it was 32.1% (42/131, p<0.001) in non-recanalized patients. Among 133 patients, nonrecanalized after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and undertook additional IA-Tx, the clinical outcome was better than not undertaken additional IA-Tx (favorable outcome was 42.9% vs. 32.1%, p=0.046). Analysis according to the perfusion/diffusion (P/D)-mismatching or not, in patient with IV-tPA with IA-Tx (133 patients), favorable outcome was higher in P/ D-mismatching patient (52/104; 50.0%) than P/D-matching patients (5/29; 17.2%; p=0.001). Which treatment tired, P/D-mismatching was favored in clinical outcome (iv-tPA only, p=0.008 and IV-tPA with IA-Tx, p=0.001). @*Conclusion@#: The P/D-mismatching influences on the recanalization and clinical outcomes of IV-tPA and IA-Tx. The authors would like to propose that we had better prepare IA-Tx when LVO is diagnosed on initial diagnostic imaging. Furthermore, if the patient shows P/D-mismatching on MRA after IV-tPA, additional IA-Tx improves treatment results and lessen the futile recanalization.
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Objective@#: Cubital tunnel syndrome, the most common ulnar nerve entrapment neuropathy, is usually managed by simple decompression or anterior transposition. One of the concerns in transposition is damage to the nerve branches around the elbow. In this study, the location of ulnar nerve branches to the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) was assessed during operations for cubital tunnel syndrome to provide information to reduce operation-related complications. @*Methods@#: A personal series (HJY) of cases operated for cubital tunnel syndrome was reviewed. Cases managed by transposition and location of branches to the FCU were selected for analysis. The function of the branches was confirmed by intraoperative nerve stimulation and the location of the branches was assessed by the distance from the center of medial epicondyle. @*Results@#: There was a total of 61 cases of cubital tunnel syndrome, among which 31 were treated by transposition. Twenty-one cases with information on the location of branches were analyzed. The average number of ulnar nerve branches around the elbow was 1.8 (0 to 3), only one case showed no branches. Most of the cases had one branch to the medial head, and one other to the lateral head of the FCU. There were two cases having branches without FCU responses (one branch in one case, three branches in another). The location of the branches to the medial head was 16.3±8.6 mm distal to the medial epicondyle (16 branches; range, 0 to 35 mm), to the lateral head was 19.5±9.5 mm distal to the medial epicondyle (19 branches; range, -5 to 30 mm). Branches without FCU responses were found from 20 mm proximal to the medial condyle to 15 mm distal to the medial epicondyle (five branches). Most of the branches to the medial head were 15 to 20 mm (50% of cases), and most to the lateral head were 15 to 25 mm (58% of cases). There were no cases of discernable weakness of the FCU after operation. @*Conclusion@#: In most cases of cubital tunnel syndrome, there are ulnar nerve branches around the elbow. Although there might be some cases with branches without FCU responses, most branches are to the FCU, and are to be saved. The operator should be watchful for branches about 15 to 25 mm distal to the medial epicondyle, where most branches come out.
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Background@#Emotion recognition is essential to the social adjustment and social interaction of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). Given that music is a medium for expressing and conveying human emotion, we conducted this preliminary study to identify musical passages representing the basic human emotions of happiness, sadness, and anger, with the goal of developing a music-based emotion perception scale for IDDs. @*Methods@#To identify musical passages for emotion perception, 20 certified music therapists evaluated 100 selected musical passages and established 60 pieces that yielded the highest agreement for each emotion category. During the second phase of this study, 300 neurotypical participants rated 60 passages in terms of the perceived type and intensity of emotions expressed. @*Results@#The 60 passages showed high reliability and were statistically classified into three factors: happiness, sadness, and anger. The k-means cluster analysis yielded a cut-off score of 41 for the low emotion perception group (F = 1120.63, P < 0.001). The hierarchical logistic regression analysis revealed that only model 3 (musical passages) was significantly associated with low emotion perception (step χ 2 = 227.8, P < 0.001). @*Conclusion@#The selected musical passages demonstrated high reliability and established three factors for identifying perceptions of happiness, sadness, and anger. Neither psychological status nor individual demographic characteristics affected the emotion perception results.